How to reverse the interest of youth and women in migration or rural exodus toward agriculture and rural entrepreneurship?

Africa has a young age structure with about two fifths of its population in the 0-­­14 age bracket and nearly 19% in the 15-­­24 age bracket. Considering the demographic dividend of Africa, the medium age is 18.3. The population of Africa is currently very young. The total population of Africa is estimated to have reach 1.2 billion in 2015. That same year, 40,4% of the African Continent population was estimated to live in urban areas, compared with 26,7% in 1980 which ranks Africa as the least urbanized continent of the World. African youth (15-­­24 years) constitute about 37% of the working age population, but account for more than 60% of all African unemployed people in Africa (AfDB, 2013). To address this high youth unemployment rates and the mismatch of qualifications in Africa, labor force participation needs to be increased by providing employment opportunities to youth in particular. Considering women, they are more active as economic agents in Africa than anywhere else in the world. They perform the majority of agricultural activities, own a third of all firms and, in some countries, make up some 70% of employees. Over and above their income-­­earning activities, they are central to the household economy and the welfare of their families, and they play a vital — if sometimes unacknowledged — leadership role in their communities and nations. Knowing that women and Youth represent more than 80% of the African Population, thus, adequate economic and social policies will have to be developed and underlined to harness the demographic dividend. How can we attract youth and women to agricultural jobs? How to stop the migration to rural areas and industrial regions?